Protein Electrophoresis Test

Determine the levels of protein subtypes in the blood sample. Proteins are required by the cells and tissues for growth and repair. They are the building blocks for the body’s cells and tissues. The cells and tissues form the structural part of most of the body’s organs, and the proteins make up for the enzymes and hormones in the body. The Protein Electrophoresis test is a blood test that separates proteins and differentiates them based on their size and electrical charges. With the help of this test, you can monitor various diseases and medical conditions. Your blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contain various types of proteins that help transport nutrients, remove toxins, and control all body functions. There are two main types of proteins in our body - Albumin - A protein synthesised in the liver and accounts for 60% of the protein in the blood. Globulins - A group of proteins other than albumin. Most globulins are also synthesised in the liver except for the antibodies or immunoglobulins and some complement proteins. These proteins are subjected to a controlled electric current which fractions them into a typical pattern of bands or peaks. These bands or peaks are then measured in the Protein Electrophoresis test. The proteins are divided into six groups - prealbumin, albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma. These protein groups are distinct and have specific concentrations. Various diseases affect protein production and change the patterns on these bands. The Protein Electrophoresis test helps detect these changes and measures the levels of abnormal proteins in the blood.