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Copper test is performed to check the presence of copper in the body of the patient. Deficiency in copper in the body can lead to several conditions. However, increased copper concentration can also be indicative of some diseases. This test is useful in diagnosing those diseases as well. Copper is required for the normal functioning of the human body indirectly. Copper is incorporated with body enzymes as an essential mineral. These Enzymes responsible for maintaining iron metabolism need this mineral to work properly. It also helps in energy manufacturing within cells, development of connective tissue, melanin formation and regulating functions of the nervous system. The average adult’s body has about 50 - 120 mg of copper stored in it. Around 95% of it is found bound to ceruloplasmin and is found in the blood. The remaining 5% is bound with other albumin-like proteins. The liver plays an important role in maintaining the copper levels in the body. It stores some amount of this mineral, binds rest to protein and flushes the excess into the bile, which gets removed as either stool or urine. Excess or deficiency of copper can affect all the above-mentioned functions of the body and if not treated on time, can cause severe manifestations of diseases. This is why when a person shows symptoms like fatigue, abdominal pain, tremors or any other behavioural change, they are advised to take the copper test. A blood or urine sample is taken to check if a person has any copper deficiency or excessiveness. If test results show higher copper levels than normal, doctors may conduct a liver biopsy to confirm any abnormality in the patient's body. Doctors recommend copper testing when a person has Wilson disease, a rare genetic disorder that may cause excess deposition of copper in the brain, liver, eyes, etc. Patients with jaundice are also recommended for this test. In India, it has been observed that 29% to 34% of the population (mostly consisting of pregnant women and tribal groups) face copper deficiency.
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